This is the companion 'liner notes' page for the complete 1967 discography, which at last count featured over 450 playable tracks. Please check it out... then come on back here and join in the discussion and send us your comments via email Thanks!

The in-depth notes for this all-important year have been split into 'episodes' - just click on the links below for previous episodes:

    EPISODE ONE: SHO IS GOOD
    EPISODE TWO: WAYNE'S WORLD
    EPISODE THREE: LET IT HAPPEN
    EPISODE FOUR: CAN'T GET NO RIDE
    EPISODE FIVE: A TOUCH OF THE BLUES

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6767By 1966, Ernie Young had been releasing J.D. Miller's Crowley, Louisiana productions on his Excello label for over a decade, resulting in some truly great records. When Slim Harpo's Baby Scratch My Back hit the airwaves that January, it took the country by storm, soaring to #1 R&B in both Billboard and Cash Box, and staying there atop all that Motown for a couple of weeks, while even crossing over into the Top 20 on the Hot 100. Young's usual method of distributing his singles through Ernie's Record Mart couldn't keep up with demand, and he was forced to ship orders directly from the pressing plant, a situation he was none too happy with. I'm not sure if that had something to do with it (or if he just decided to strike while the iron's hot) but, by July, the 74 year old Young had sold everything lock, stock and barrel, to something called The Crescent Amusement Company.

67Miller had been under the impression that his productions had been 'leased' to Nashboro/Excello, and that he had retained ownership of his master tapes. Crescent's legal team felt otherwise, and sent new label president Jack Funk and newly named VP Shannon Williams (shown here re-signing The Thunderbolt Of The Middle West) down to Crowley to try and smooth things over and continue the arrangement he had with Young. J.D. would have none of it, and in the ensuing battle of wills, the last two Miller-produced Slim Harpo singles (including the future Jagger & Richards' favorite, Shake Your Hips), were virtually ignored by the folks in Nashville and, consequently, by the record-buying public as well.

With his eye on the future, Harpo took advantage of a loophole in his contract with Miller to sign directly with the new regime at Excello. This was seen by J.D. as the final betrayal, and embroiled him in an extended legal battle with the label, one which he would eventually lose.

67As Shannon Williams told John Broven in South To Louisiana: The Music Of The Cajun Bayous, "Well, of course, after we signed him the question was 'What are we going to do with him now?'... Nashville just is not a Blues location, and the players are not here; let's take him somewhere that we think maybe he can turn out a hit... We got in touch with this guy Ray Harris; he set the whole thing up, said he could get the pickers and Willie Mitchell and these guys that played there. It was like a house band, I guess, and they loved to do it." Martin Hawkins, author of Slim Harpo: Blues King Bee of Baton Rouge, sent me this great ad for an 'All Star Rhythm & Blues Show' in El Dorado, Arkansas (just over the Louisiana state line) in December of 1966. "The interesting thing is that he was part of a package led by Willie Mitchell," Hawkins said, "and may have been backed by Mitchell's guys rather than carrying his own group... Harpo had Memphis in mind, even if he didn't hatch a plan with anyone else." In other words, Slim might have let Williams and Ray Harris think it was all their idea.

67"So we'd all go down to Memphis to do this and it turned out very well..." Williams went on to tell Broven, "He [Slim] loved it. He felt this was such a good switch; he was very up on this whole thing... I think the Hi session men got down with him. Willie Mitchell didn't have much to do with the session; it was mostly directed by this fellow Harris... it didn't seem like Harris was too much on for Harpo's harmonica, but that of course is a trademark. We insisted on it... I recall the difficulty in mic'ing as to where Harpo could both do his guitar and his harp and sing. Played guitar on all the records, it was sort of ordinary."

Hmmm... So, it was a known fact that Slim had recorded at Hi sometime in the Spring of 1967. In 2012, Broven and I asked Howard Grimes if he had ever worked on a session with Harpo - "Nope, that's one I would remember," he said, "I backed him up a few times when he came through Memphis, but I never cut with him." In October of 2016, when I first got my hands on Reggie's 1967 session log book, one of the first things I did was look for any mention of Slim's visit, to no avail...

67In May of 2020, when the late great Sherry Emmons Brugman sent me Bobby's 1967 log book, BINGO!, there it was. The fabled session had been held on April 18th but, if that was the case, why hadn't Reggie made note of it in his book? Well, the last date entered from his New York sojourn for Atlantic was the 15th, after which begins the first of those inexplicable 'black holes' in Reggie's journal, with no entries at all for the ensuing two weeks. Although that may indicate that he hadn't worked at all for the rest of the month of April, it seems highly unlikely.

67The first record released from the session was the timeless Tip On In, which would climb to #37 R&B during that long hot Summer. Driven by what Colin Escott describes as "One of the most elegant grooves in all of R&B," the bass, the drums and that shimmering rhythm guitar are just locked in behind Harpo's 'trademark' harp and sly vocals. I'd say that's Satch Arnold on drums and either Mike Leech or Tommy Cogbill on the bass - the question remains, though, is that Slim on guitar? Hawkins: "It is likely that Slim Plays the dry scratch that keeps time while Teenie Hodges plays lead, and in that case Slim must have overdubbed his harp solo" Escott: "I don't think Harpo could have played the through-riff AND sung. He could have overdubbed his vocal, but the guitar still sounds too professional. Sounds like a studio guy - no flubbed notes or changes." Hmmm... 67I think I'd have to agree that the tremelo 'scratch' rhythm is being played by a 'studio guy' - it could be Reggie, or it could be Teenie Hodges (or even Cogbill), but there is no doubt in my mind that the lead guitarist here is Clarence Nelson! 'That fellow Harris' would have brought him in to 'Blues things up a bit' as he had done with Amos Patton a few months before and, as we mentioned in episode four, we know Nelson was in the house for the Ace Cannon session held the following day. Very cool! Bob Holmes, who Excello had recently hired as a producer and arranger, is listed as a co-writer on Part 1, which may have been to give him a share of the royalties, as he's not credited on Part 2. In any event, this is just an awesome record all the way around... who knew there was that much 'Swamp' right there on South Lauderdale?

6767Even though it was the notation in Bobby Emmons' book that opened this can of worms in the first place, there does not seem to be any keyboards on either side of Tip On In. They do appear, however, on Harpo's next release from the session, with Bob Holmes (whom Williams described as "the respectable black front to the company") now earning his 'mechanicals' via a producer's credit. I'm Gonna Keep What I've Got, grooves along in the same elegant fashion, and features more of Clarence Nelson's 'vise-grip' guitar work. According to Martin Hawkins, the flip of that single, the straight ahead Blues number I've Got To Be With You Tonight, was also cut at the Memphis session, as was Hey Little Lee, which was only released on 45 in France (go figure). The reverb-y lead guitar on both of these sides is played by someone else entirely, and I believe it to be ol' Slim himself! This would reconcile the Williams' comment about him 'playing guitar on all the records'. Also, in Hawkins' chapter on these recordings, he says that Harpo "...had recently taken to playing some electric lead," then goes on to quote Slim's wife Lovell, who said "He would never finish an engagement until he had played his guitar." There ya go!

Speaking of Louisiana...

67New Orleans' Minit label was formed in 1959 by Joe Banashak and WMRY radio personality Larry McKinley. Once Ernie K-Doe's Mother In Law went positively viral for Minit in 1961 (topping both the R&B and Pop charts), it ushered in the 'second wave' of popularity for Crescent City R&B. No doubt encouraged by that success, a local woman named Connie La Rocca (then working at her brother-in-law's hoppin' chicken restaurant on Carrolton Avenue) started up the Frisco label with WYLD deejay Harold Atkins in 1962. According to Earl King, "Harold was the key to Frisco's success. Harold was a genius. He knew everybody in the business and could get records played. He was a soft-spoken person; a gentleman in every respect."

67After a couple of releases of his own, as 'Al Adams' (and an awesome instrumental by Porgy & The Polka Dots), Hal and Connie signed local legend Danny White who was, without question, THE most popular entertainer in New Orleans. White's Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye would become a local phenomenon that Fall, blaring from every juke box and car radio in town but, due to a lack of any real distribution, only managed to 'bubble under' the Hot 100 nationally. Undaunted, Frisco continued to issue great sides on White, with Earl King's Loan Me A Handkerchief picked up by ABC-Paramount in early 1964, along with two more ABC 45s released later that year.

671964 was also the year that Hal Atkins got a job at WDIA and relocated to Memphis. With his gregarious personality, and his continuing ability to 'get records played', he would soon became a player on the local music scene. At that point, Isaac Hayes and his new songwriting partner David Porter had yet to realize their full potential at Stax, and were looking for an outlet for their considerable talents. Atkins was impressed with what they had to offer, and convinced Connie La Rocca to fly Danny White up to Memphis to record.

1967

67According to the liner notes of the 1998 Ace release The Frisco Records Story, compiled by John Broven and Tad Jones, the session on White was at 'Hi' that Summer, anchored by Bowlegs Miller, Floyd Newman and what would eventually become known as The Memphis Horns. That (?) there no doubt refers to Miller's bass player, Cleve 'Frog' Shears, whom we met last episode. The interesting thing is the inclusion of Howard Grimes and Teenie Hodges on the list, a full two years before I thought they'd arrived there on South Lauderdale. I asked John Broven about those A.F.of M. contracts, "I'm afraid all the Frisco files were submerged by Katrina," he said, so I called Howard, but the name Danny White didn't ring any bells. Hmmm...

67Composed, 'Arranged & Conducted by D. Porter & I. Hayes', the four tracks cut that day would comprise White's last two Frisco singles, the best of the lot being Can't Do Nothing Without You, named by Sir Shambling as a 'personal favourite', "...with White snarling and growling his way through the lyric in fine style." Just excellent stuff, man, I agree - but it just doesn't sound like The Bulldog on the drum kit to me, you know? I sent the tracks down to Howard (who doesn't do the 'computer' thing) and he's gonna listen to them and report back. Stay Tuned!

6767With Connie La Rocca winding down things at Frisco, Hal Atkins decided to try his hand at forming another label with his newfound compadres Hayes and Porter and (wait for it...) Chips Moman! Isaac had been one of the first artists through the door at American, cutting a single there for Youngstown in 1962, and knew Chips well. Calling the label Genie, they brought in a local kid who had also been having a hard time 'breaking in' at Stax, Homer Banks, in early 1965. The soaring Lady Of Stone (a 'Hamp Production', as in Hayes-Atkins-Moman-Porter) was selected as a 'regional breakout' in Billboard that Summer, along with a Youngstown single cut there on Thomas Street around the same time. Although Homer's single never quite broke out, the other single would become the one that put American Sound on the map.

In Rob Bowman's indispensable Soulsville, U.S.A., he reports that cutting the Genie single with Moman (of all people) had Jim Stewart 'more than a little piqued'. "Somehow or another, the word got out that I was responsible," Banks told Bowman, "I lured [Hayes and Porter] into doing it. That closed the door even tighter. For a long time I was barred from the studio. I wasn't allowed to come in there." Be that as it may, the incident may have been the first step towards Stewart further appreciating what he had there in Hayes and Porter.

67Perhaps that's why he consented to allow Atkins to cut Danny White there as one of the last 'outside sessions' held on East McElmore in late 1965. Hayes and Porter's groovin' A side Keep My Woman Home, is right up there with any of the other Stax/Volt records cut there at the time. The flip (with Steve Cropper now joining Isaac and David as a songwriter), I'm Dedicating My Life To You is even better. Wow! It seems a shame that Stewart didn't sign White as an artist right then and there, but he may still have been annoyed enough with Atkins to make sure that didn't happen. Instead the single was released on the one-off Atteru label before being leased to New York based Atlas where it disappeared without a trace.

67Shortly after Lew Chudd at Imperial purchased Minit Records from Joe Banashak in 1963, he sold the whole shooting match to Liberty, who then moved all operations to the West Coast and discontinued Minit as a subsidiary label entirely. With the dawn of the 'Soul Era' upon them in early 1966, Liberty wanted to get back in the game and re-activated Minit as their R&B outlet under the direction of the energetic Renny Roker. Roker had no qualms about swooping into Memphis and picking up the crumbs that fell off the Stax table. On April 23rd, Billboard announced that the 'new' Minit's first release would be by none other than McLemore Avenue outcast Homer Banks. The article went on to say that the single was being recorded in Memphis by 'an outside production company'. "It was Bowlegs," Howard Grimes told me, "Bowlegs knew everybody and had the connections, he was the one rounding up the musicians up to do those sessions" One of those musicians, we now believe, was Reggie Young.

67You may recall, as mentioned back on the 1966 Discography Page, that Young kept two log books in 1966, the second one being an attempt to 'clean up' and keep better track of his session work. A notation for 'Peacock' on April 16th (a week before the Billboard article) had us mystified. I mean, there didn't appear to be any evidence of Don Robey cutting at Hi before he brought O.V. Wright there that November. A 'memoranda' that read 'Izak' didn't help matters either. After being clarified in the second book as referring to 'Isaac Hayes', that actually made things worse. We were like, Huh? Now, due to the dogged persistence of Mark Nicholson, I think we might have figured it out.

6767Arranged by Gene 'Bowlegs' Miller, there is absolutely no doubt that the supremely excellent Fighting To Win has Reggie's guitar all over it. Banks shares the composer's credit with Hayes and Porter on this one, and with Deanie Parker (another Stax employee who had yet to come into her own), on the plug side, A Lot Of Love (think Spencer Davis might have owned a copy?). How this was not a major hit (I mean beyond the Twisted Wheel 'Northern Soul' boys) is beyond me... These are definitely two of the '3 tunes' that Reggie says he cut that day, with the third one issued as a B side that September, Do You Know What, another Hayes and Porter gem.

67So, what's with the reference to Peacock? Something Howard Grimes said may hold a clue; "Bowlegs was working for Don Robey..." At first I was, like, 'Ummm... no' until I noticed this entry in Reggie's 1966 book for September 28th. Hmmm... As we discussed last episode, the former Fernwood Studio on North Main had been purchased by Don Robey and was run by Earl Forest and Gilbert Caple, another dis-affected member of the Stax family. The upper left hand corner notation in Reggie's book always indicated the name of the studio where a session was held (as in 'Sun', 'Pepper', 'American' etc.) and, with 'Peacock' being the name of Robey's primary label and Houston nightclub empire, that may have been how the studio was known in those days - a hypothesis I have yet to corroborate... Detectives?

With artists like Louis Jordan, The Ink Spots and Buddy Johnson, Decca Records had been a major player in the post-war 'race' records market. Once Owen Bradley took over the reins of their Nashville division in the late fifties, it had become primarily a Country label. Now, just as we've seen with Mercury, Decca was looking to recapture their slice of the lucrative R&B pie.

67Washington D.C. disk-jockey Al Bell had formed the Safice label with former member of The Rainbows, Chester Simmons, and Falcons founder Eddie Floyd in 1964. Although distributed by Atlantic, their releases failed to make much noise outside of Bell's WUST listening area. In Eddie Floyd's great book Knock! Knock! Knock! On Wood, he relates, "Al Bell was benefiting from his closer ties to Atlantic. Joe Medlin, the label's head of national promotion, introduced Al to Milt Gabler, who ran A&R at Decca. Milt was well known, a sophisticated jazz man, and he brought us the singer Grover Mitchell... he sung a ballad that I wrote with Chester and Al, called I Will Always Have Faith in You. Nobody really heard it at the time, but it's a song with a deep gospel feel to it that would come back for me many times over." - most notably, when Carla Thomas took it to #11 R&B a few years later. Eddie had first met Carla (by then already an established star at Stax), when she was attending Howard University in 1965. She had been impressed with his songwriting, and agreed to cut a couple of demos for Bell and Floyd that Spring. "It must have been some kind of karma," she said later. The kind of karma that brought all three of them back to Memphis to cut one of those 'Isbell-Floyd' compositions, Stop! Look What You're Doing at Stax, and send it to #30 R&B that Summer.

On the basis of that success, Jim Stewart would allow Safice to cut another of those last 'outside' sessions there on Eddie and Roy Arlington, whose soulful rendition of 'Isbell-Floyd' tune, Everybody Makes A Mistake Sometimes just lays me out.

67At the time, Stax was in need of a full-time promotion man and, once Jerry Wexler agreed to pay half his salary, they hired Al Bell in October of '65. According to Rob Bowman, Bell was "...taken around the country and shown the tricks of the trade by Atlantic promotion man and longtime friend Joe Medlin." Medlin had been one of the first artists signed to Atlantic in 1948, before recording for a variety of labels in the 1950s. He began his career as an A&R and promotion man for United Artists in 1962, and secured his position there at Atlantic shortly thereafter. In August of 1966, he received the National Association of Radio Announcers Dave Dixon Award (named after the NARA president who had perished in a tragic accident in 1964) for his distinguished service at Atlantic. Within a month, he had resigned.

67Further demonstrating their commitment to resuscitating their R&B division, Decca had hired Medlin away from Atlantic for what must have been a princely sum that September. "I know about 500 R&B deejays by name - and I know the names of about 300 of their wives," Medlin told Billboard shortly thereafter, "When I want play on a record I visit the deejay or call him up, ask about the family, chew the fat awhile, and relax. More often than not, he'll ask me what looks like it might happen." Joe knew that at that point, more often than not, what might happen might happen in Memphis.

67One of the first things Medlin did was sign Danny White. Although I'm sure he would have rather cut him with his friends at Stax, by then the doors had been closed to outsiders for good. Medlin booked a session at Hi instead, with Bowlegs (once again) serving as the arranger. There has been some mystery about when this might have been held, as Reggie makes no mention of White in his 1966 book. According to the Discography Of American Historical Recordings, Decca logged the four song session as being held on 67October 12th, a date for which Reggie had no entry. At first I thought that perhaps the actual date was the September 28th 'Bo Legs' session discussed earlier, but now I believe it was held the week before, on the 20th. I hadn't associated the 'from N.Y.' with Decca, but there it is plainly stated on the label... duh!

67With Eddie Floyd's blockbuster Knock On Wood then climbing the charts on its way to #1 R&B, Decca chose Floyd composition Taking Inventory as White's first release. Although predicted to reach the R&B singles chart in Billboard that November, it didn't. If our calculations are correct, the B side of that single, then, would be the first recording of Don Bryant's Cracked Up Over You which, as we've seen, would be cut by both Lee Rogers and Junior Parker shortly thereafter. This may well be the best version of 'em all, with Danny just going for it over those kickin' drum breaks... Satch Arnold? Sammy Creason? Howard Grimes? Hmmm...

6767Released in March of 1967, You Can Never Keep A Good Man Down (another Don Bryant tune), would become the next single pulled from that session. It was selected by Billboard as 'destined for top-of-the-chart honors', but somehow that failed to materialize. Just a great record, punctuated by Reggie's unmistakable guitar, you have to wonder why it didn't make it - especially in light of all of Medlin's 'fat chewin'... The flip was the last of the '4 Tunes' Danny cut with Bowlegs that day, another stab at his big Sugar Town smash, Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye. It's not bad, but I do miss those Irving Banister guitar fills... just sayin'. All four of these sides were 'Produced by D & A Productions' - anybody have any idea who that might have been?

6767A month later, Joe Medlin was back at Hi with a young lady he had discovered singing in a Church Street nightclub in his hometown of Norfolk, Virginia. Maydie Myles had come up singing Gospel, but took the name of Debbie Taylor when she began performing R&B. With Medlin now credited as producer (and no mention of Bowlegs on the label), Don Bryant's I Get The Blues sure sounds like a Gene Miller arrangement to me. That fat baritone, the two guitars (Cogbill and Reggie?), the background singers, those smokin' drums... another hidden South Lauderdale gem, folks!

67Reggie would log one more session in 1966 for Decca, on November 14th, with 'Bo-Leggs' listed as the leader. Although we may never know for sure, at first we thought that may have been when these two unreleased tracks, discovered among the Decca masters, were recorded, but now I don't think so...

The first of the tracks is a high voltage duet featuring both Debbie and Danny White, I Don't Mind Overtime With You. Whew! The second, I'm Gonna Use What I've Got To Get What I Need, is by Danny White and is, in my opinion, every bit as good as the issued recordings, if not better. Initially, I thought the guitar player on here was definitely Reggie but, after repeated listenings, I became convinced it was someone else... I think it's Bobby Womack. Wait... what?

1967

67Catalogued as 'Overtime', according to the Discography of American Hisorical Recordings, the duet was recorded on June 30, 1967, with consecutive matrix numbers assigned to two Danny White tracks, with '[Unknown Title(s)]' no doubt referring to the unreleased song featured above. On June 30th, both Reggie and Bobby had logged a Goldwax session at Sun, followed by a Don Bryant session at Hi. This could mean, of course, that Decca hadn't assigned those matrix numbers to these earlier recorded tracks until then (as we've seen), or that they were cut somewhere else, without Emmons and Young. The Atlantic Records Discography places both Bowlegs and Womack in the house at American the following day for the start of the Wilson Pickett sessions on July 1st. What if they got there the day before?

6767As we saw last episode, Bowlegs had worked as an arranger at American for Mercury in May. Medlin, I'm sure, was itching to get Decca in the door there as well and may have booked a session, leaving it up to Miller to 'round up' the musicians. With Reggie unavailable, Bowlegs (who 'knew everybody') could have heard that Womack was in town and hired him instead. With Moman's former partners Hayes and Porter also on board as songwriters (and defacto producers), it seems extremely possible that those June 30th sessions may have been held at 827 Thomas. The magnificent Check Yourself would go on to chart in early 1968, and whoah, is it good! A slightly modified version of the song had also been cut on Ruby Johnson at Stax, but had remained unreleased - possibly because of Debbie's smoldering take on it here. Think it was cut at American?

67Lending creedence to the theory that the Debbie and Danny session was actually held on the date Decca said it was, is the fact that the Gladys Tyler session they logged as being held on March 24th is confirmed by Bobby Emmons' book. Gladys, like Debbie, hailed from Virginia and had cut a single for Decca subsidiary Coral in 1963. After another release on the tiny Brooks label out of Richmond, Decca had re-signed her in 1966, pairing her with Ray Scott and The Scottsmen. Scott's real name apparently was Walter Spriggs, whom All Music describes as a 'musician/manager/songwriter/hustler'. Spriggs had hooked up with Jesse Stone at Atco in the late fifties, before changing his moniker and label-hopping a bit before Decca picked him and Gladys up shortly before Joe Medlin got there.

Medlin had booked both of them into Hi for that March '67 session, while heavily tapping the Stax talent pool around the corner. With Bowlegs getting the label credit this time as arranger, the producer is listed as James Cross. James had started out working at The Satellite Record Shop before engineering late night sessions for Chalice, the Gospel subsidiary that Al Bell had created soon after he came on the scene. Jim Stewart shut down Chalice in late 1966, after only eight releases. According to Rob Bowman, Cross would then wed "...one of the great unkown Stax singers, Wendy Rene (nee Mary Frierson). Being close to Packy Axton, Cross was never a favorite of Jim Stewart's." I'm sure he was only too happy to help out the competition.

6767Decca selected two more Hayes & Porter tunes for the plug sides of the 45s cut at the session, but check out these two awesome Mack Rice flips. Just as we've seen with Mercury, Rice's music was now in demand since Mustang Sally tore up the charts for Atlantic earlier in the year. Gladys is really belting it out on the rockin' Mr. Green, Mrs. Green, with Reggie's galvanic guitar and that barking baritone combining to make this one a keeper! Yeah, baby! The Ray Scott record, Can't Get Over Losing You, isn't far behind. Ray's pleading delivery over those hypnotic background vocals, Bobby's piano, Reggie's bluesy guitar and that driving bass, this is just pure Memphis, y'all! As far as I can tell, these are the only tunes James Cross was ever credited as producing. What a shame.

6767Decca was back on South Lauderdale in November, for a session 'directed' by Willie Mitchell, as Bowlegs had apparently moved on by then. The producers are credited as Joe Medlin and Jack Gibson. Quite a colorful character, 'Jack The Rapper' had launched the first black-owned radio sation in the nation in 1949, become the founder and guiding force behind NARA in 1955, and had joined Berry Gordy at Motown in 1963. Landing him for Decca's renewed R&B resurgence in late 1966 must have been seen as quite the coup. I'm not sure if Jack and Joe were present at the studio when they recorded it, but Tony Ashley's hard-hitting vocals on We Must Have Love are just pure Soul, with Reggie's incisive guitar mixed right up front, no doubt at Willie Michell's 'direction'. As we saw in episode four, Willie was still including Reggie and Bobby on sessions at Hi as late as November of 1967, and we believe this to have been another indication of that...

6767Ashley may have been one of the 'two others' noted in Emmons' book on November 6th, with 'Jackson' no doubt referring to George - or in this case 'Bart'. What's up with that? Well, as you may recall, we had speculated that it was 'music industry attorney and agent' Alex Migliara who was behind recording George's lone 1967 Hi single that Summer, and that perhaps Jackson had failed to mention that he was still under contract to Goldwax at the time. In any event (although I'm sure the name change didn't fool anybody in Memphis), when Migliara arranged to have this one picked up by Decca, he had decided to play it safe (while helping himself to a piece of both the songwriting and production credits in the process). The rockin' Dancing Man just cooks along, with Jackson's wit and way with words hinting at his future work in Muscle Shoals...
- red kelly, January 2022


Special thanks go to Howard Grimes, Charlie Chalmers, Rob Bowman, John Ridley, Martin Hawkins, Colin Escott, John Broven, Mark Nicholson, and 45cat.

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We will continue our discussion of the incredible body of work that Reggie Young and Bobby Emmons created together in 1967 in our next episode, which will (eventually) be posted here, as well as over on Soul Sauce... but don't forget the other 450 or so tracks that are always available on our discography page! Thanks for tuning in!

slooths

burning questions

Hey y'all - after being holed up here in the Soul Cellar for about eight weeks during these troubled times, I've decided to try and reinvent the Burning Questions concept and attempt to bring it to a wider audience. The first thing I did was create a (gasp!) Soul Detective Facebook Page where we will work on answering these questions together in the time-honored Soul Detective tradition. Y'all ready?

This one's been bugging me for years...

311Back in 2007 I wrote something about an amazing James Carr B Side Forgetting You. "...the band (led by that incredible Reggie Young guitar) shifts things down to a minor key, then just builds and builds," I said. Years later, when I asked Reggie about it he said, "That's not me." Hmmmm... as we delved further into the Memphis guitar player thing with our Clarence Nelson investigation, I thought maybe we had our man. I asked Goldwax founder Quinton Claunch point-blank like ten times... "No, it wasn't Clarence. It was some other guy - Chips found him for me." Ugh.

311The song had been written by the great O.B. McClinton, who was there on the ground floor with Quinton, both as an artist and songwriter, cutting this seminal B Side for Goldwax in 1964, She's Better Than You. In the liner notes to The Complete Goldwax Singles Volume 1 Quinton is quoted as saying, "He wrote that for James... I brought Steve Cropper to do guitar on that thing. He wasn't tied up exclusively at that time. I just employed him to play on that one track." Hmmm...

319

The following year, Carr would wax the definitive version of the song that O.B. had composed for him, She's Better Than You on Goldwax 119, featuring a guitar player that is not Reggie Young, nor Clarence Nelson...

319James would then take another song O.B. had written for him and break into the Billboard R&B top ten, taking You've Got My Mind Messed Up all the way to #7 for Goldwax in early 1966. The liner notes for The Complete Goldwax Singles Volume 2 mention "Reggie Young's distinctive opening guitar..." but it is quite obvious that whomever the guitar player is on here is the same as on the record that started all this in the first place, the flip of Carr's next release for the label, Forgetting You. If we are to believe Reggie's assertion that it's not him (and why wouldn't we?), then who on earth could it be?

65I've been working behind the scenes here deciphering the 1967 log book as part of our Reggie Young Discography Project with (besides the usual suspects) my friend Mark Nicholson, the proprietor of the excellent American Sound Archive on YouTube. As it turns out, he is also quite the Soul Detective...

lp'Bloodhound' Nicholson recently pointed out this review of Carr's 1967 You've Got My Mind Messed Up LP by Thom Jurek, a 'Senior Staff Writer' at AllMusic, in which he states "By the album's end with the title track, listeners hear the totality of the force of Memphis soul. With Steve Cropper's guitar filling the space in the background, Carr offers a chilling portrait of what would happen to him in the future..."

Wait, WHAT??? STEVE CROPPER???

slyHmmmm... Well, come to think of it, it does kind of sound like him, and we've already established that he was employed by Goldwax "to play on that one track..." Do you think it's possible that Quinton Claunch, that sly old fox, has been keeping Cropper's name out of it all these years because of his being 'tied up' at Stax when James cut these landmark recordings?

Now THAT would be something!!

UPDATE: MAY 2021

Scott Ward asked Steve Cropper if that was him on 'Forgetting You' "Nope."

Rob Bowman asked Steve Cropper if that was him on 'You've Got My Mind Messed Up' "Nope."

319The crew at Diggin' Deep Records recently sent me a copy of their new James Carr release (bless their hearts), with two rare Goldwax era cuts new to 45. I Don't Want To Be Hurt Anymore is quintessential Reggie Young all the way. The flip on the other hand (which Quinton had left 'in the can' at the time) is Carr's smoldering take on Roosevelt Jamison's There Goes My Used To Be which, I believe, features our same mystery guitar player...

319There is one more track that we hadn't mentioned yet that, without a doubt, has our mystery man on guitar - the awesome Quinton Claunch penned Love Attack, which would cruise to #21 R&B in the Summer of 1966.

With Quinton Claunch now passed on, the quest to identify this great Memphis musician becomes even more compelling... detectives?

UPDATE: SEPTEMBER 2021

While we were down in Muscle Shoals last month, we played the 'mystery guitarist' tracks for our man Travis Wammack, who was a Memphis guitar slinger himself in those days, working with Roland Janes at Sonic. "I don't know for sure," he said, "it could be Chips." Larry Rogers had said the same thing, as did Juke Blues founder Cilla Huggins... but I wasn't buying it. Why wouldn't Quinton have just said that, instead of saying it was 'a guy Chips found' for him? I don't know.

Then I realized there was one other Memphis guitar player from those days that I hadn't asked, Bobby Manuel. What he said kind of blew me away:

"I just had a wild thought. If it has that telecaster sound like Reggie or Cropper it possibly could have been the Bar-Kays first guitar player, Jimmy King. I know James Alexander founder of the Bar-Kays was friends with Chips. James took me to American to meet Chips, so I know there was a relationship there. Chips could have been made aware of Jimmy King, the next in line to take Cropper's place until he was killed with Otis in that terrible crash..."

WHOAH!!! Let's check it out...

319As far as I can tell, King's first appearance on record was with The Pac-Keys on Stone Fox. According to Rob Bowman, it was cut at Hi in mid 1966 as 'revenge' for Jim Stewart refusing to cut Packy Axton at Stax. The Bar-Kays themselves had been turned away at Stax' door by Steve Cropper, and were only too happy to help out, I'm sure. In addition to Jimmy, that's James Alexander on bass, and 'prodigy' Carl Cunningham on drums. The earliest of the James Carr 'mystery' tracks above (She's Better Than You) was cut in the latter half of '65, and the guitar sound is pretty close, I'd say. Chips Moman, of course, had his own axe to grind with Stax, and may have recommended King just to aggravate Cropper.

The remaining Carr sides mentioned above were all recorded prior to Moman cutting The Dark End Of The Street at Hi with Reggie Young in November of 1966.

319According to Bowman, it was Jim Stewart who suggested to The Bar-Kays that they come and audition at Stax when Cropper wasn't around. On March 13, 1967 they cut the song that would become an international phenomenon, Soul Finger in 'about fifteen minutes'. It would climb as high as #3 R&B (#17 Pop) that Summer of Love, before the B Side, Knucklehead (with Booker T. on harmonica!), began charting as well, going to #28 R&B on its own.

319With Isaac Hayes and David Porter now assigned to produce them, The Bar-Kay's follow-up single, Give Everybody Some, would break into the R&B top 40 as well. Once you hear "alright, guitar, you got it," (at about 1:10) Jimmy King launches into a smoldering Memphis guitar solo that may be the best evidence yet that he is indeed our mystery man... but allow me to call your attention to exhibit B - this 'deep' track from the obligatory Lp Stax would release on them that Fall, With A Child's Heart. There's that slight distortion, that superb tone we hear on the Carr sides... I have to agree with Bobby, I think we have our man!

319Not more than a child himself, Jimmy King (in glasses above) was just 18 when he perished along with Otis Redding, Carl Cunningham and four others in the icy plane crash that tore the heart out of Memphis.

May God Rest Their Souls.

Special thanks to Quinton Claunch, Bobby Manuel, Travis Wammack, Steve Cropper, Rob Bowman, Scott Ward, Larry Rogers, Cilla Huggins, Diggin' Deep Records, Thom Jurek, Mark Nicholson and John Broven. - red kelly, September 2021

Please let us know what you think about all of this, either on the Facebook Page, or by shooting us an email. Inquiring minds want to know!



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